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Custom fireworksBBC
•Entertainment
Entertainment
75% Informative
The Catholic Church uses smoke signals to communicate with the outside world.
Tradition of burning paper ballots dates back to the 15th Century and became part of conclave rituals.
Stoves are installed inside the Sistine Chapel to generate smoke signals.
Experts say the process requires " two custom fireworks", smoke test rehearsals and Vatican firefighters.
The addition of bell ringing - introduced during Pope Benedict XVI's election - now serves as confirmation and is used alongside the smoke signal.
Over the years , there have been suggestions to modernise the system: coloured lights, digital alerts, or even televised votes.
For the Vatican , the ritual is not just a communication tool - it's a moment of continuity with centuries of tradition.
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