We are Nobel laureates, scientists, writers and artists. The threat of fascism is back | Open letter

Fascism emerged in Italy a century ago , marking the advent of modern dictatorship.

In the past two decades , we have witnessed a renewed wave of far-right movements, often bearing unmistakably fascist traits.

These movements have re-emerged across the globe, including in long-standing democracies, where dissatisfaction with political failure to address mounting inequalities and social exclusion has once again been exploited by new authoritarian figures.

We call on all those who value democracy to act: - Defend democratic, cultural and educational institutions.

Join collective actions, locally and internationally. Boycott and strike when possible. Foster critical thinking and engage with your communities on these grounds. This is an ongoing struggle. Let our voices, our work and our principles be a bulwark against authoritarianism.